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Welcome to the City of Lakes

Minneapolis is located on Dakota homeland. Its name derives from the Dakota word mni, which means water, and the Greek word polis, which means city. The Ojibwe and several other tribes have ties to the area. The Mississippi River, known as Haha Wakpa to the Dakota and Misi Ziibi to the Ojibwe, runs through the heart of the city. At the center is Owámniyomni, or St. Anthony Falls. The river holds an important place in our history. To the many communities who have lived here, it is a source of life, a transportation route, and also a boundary.

In the 1660s, French fur traders arrived and came into contact with Indigenous people. Other European explorers soon followed, building trading posts along the rivers. A series of treaties in the first half of the 1800s resulted in the forcible removal of Dakota people from what would become Minneapolis. In the 1820s, Fort Snelling was built at Bdote, the confluence of the Minnesota and Mississippi rivers, which is just south of the city. Although slavery was illegal here, military officers brought enslaved laborers to Fort Snelling. Other people of African descent came to Minnesota freely or to escape slavery in the South.

Development began on the east side of the river in 1848, through the platting of St. Anthony. The west side was platted six years later. Minneapolis was incorporated as a city in 1867 and merged with St. Anthony in 1872. The power of the waterfalls led to an explosion of milling industries along the river, including both flour and lumber. Minneapolis earned a new nickname: the Mill City. The city expanded rapidly until the 1920s. European immigrants and settlers from elsewhere in U.S. made new homes here.

Wealthy white families grew to great prominence and built stately homes. Initially, they lived close to their businesses. Over time, and through the expansion of the streetcar network and other thoroughfares, they moved farther away from the city center. Multi-family housing emerged to meet the growing housing needs of laborers and middle-income households. Neighborhood commercial centers formed around streetcar nodes.

The Black population grew considerably in the mid-1900s, during the Great Migration. However, discriminatory practices like redlining and racial covenants limited where Black people could live and work. At the same time, tight-knit communities formed and nurtured youth to become trailblazers in various industries.

Urban renewal efforts in the 1950s and 1960s led to the construction of interstates through predominantly Black neighborhoods and the destruction of downtown architectural gems, like the Metropolitan Building. Since its establishment in 1972, the Minneapolis Heritage Preservation Commission has worked to recognize our city’s built heritage through the designation of over 200 landmarks and historic districts. Recent initiatives are telling a fuller story of the people and places that make Minneapolis a beloved place to call home.



The city’s natural environment is as important as its buildings and structures. The western half of the city is situated around the Chain of Lakes. Our renowned park system was established in 1883, following the vision of noted landscape architect, Horace W.S. Cleveland. Today, it includes 180 parks, 55 miles of biking and walking paths, 22 lakes, 12 gardens, and seven golf courses.

Minneapolis prides itself in being a welcoming city that embraces the diversity of its residents. Honoring our history is essential to understanding our present and shaping a better future.

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